Oilfield facilities at Prudhoe Bay.

The Milne Point oil field is 35 miles (56 km) west of Prudhoe Bay and the leased area, called theMilne Point Unit by the State of Alaska, includes the Kuparuk River Oil Pool,

[32] Sag River Oil Pool,[33] and the Schrader Bluff Oil Pool.[34]

The source rock for the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field and neighboring reserves is a potential source for

tight oil and shale gas. As of 2013 mineral rights to 500,000 acres overlying the North Slope oil

shale had been leased by Great Bear Petroleum whose principal is the petroleum geologist Ed

Duncan.[35]

 Geology

Sadlerochit stratigraphic column. 

The field is an anticline structure located on the Barrow Arch, with faulting on the north side of the arch and a Lower Cretaceous unconformity on the east.[36]

Claims on petroleum seeps in the Cape Simpson area were first made in 1915 by a group consisting of T.L. Richardson, W.B. Van Valen, O. Hansen, B. Panigeo and Egowa after these last two, Eskimos, pointed out two large mounds fifty feet high and 200 feet in diameter. [37] Gold prospectors Smith and Berry also discovered these seeps and formed an investment group in San Francisco led by R.D. Adams, who funded an investigation led by the geologist H.A. Campbell. [38] His report noted disputing claims by Standard Oil Company.

[39] This led to the establishment of the Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4 in 1923, after which the Navy engaged the United States Geological Survey to survey the area from 1923 until 1926, who concluded the best objectives were Cretaceous rocks.

[40] From 1943 until 1953, the Navy drilled eighty wells,including the area at Cape Simpson and Umiat but none flowed more than 250 barrels per day. [41]

The discovery of the Swanson River Oil Field on the Kenai Peninsula in 1957 by the Richfield Oil

Corporation prompted the company to send geologists to the Arctic starting in 1959 and seismic

survey crews in 1963, which recorded a reconnaissance line across what was identified as the

Prudhoe structure in 1964.

[42]

In 1965, during the state lease sale, Richfield partnered with

Humble Oil and acquired leases over what was later identified as the gas cap while British

Petroleum was awarded leases over the "oil ring".

[43]

In 1968, Prudhoe Bay State No. 1 encountered the Permian-Triassic Sadlerochit formation at

8200 feet which flowed gas at 1.25 million cubic feet per day with 20–27 per cent porosity and

"tens of millidarcies" permeability.

[44] Oil, condensate and gas are produced from the Triassic,

Ivishak sandstone. This reservoir was deposited as a complex amalgamation of fan deltas and

alluvial fans. The continuity of this fan delta was shown to extend seven miles away when the

ARCO-Humble Sag River State No. 1 well was drilled.

[45] During the field's early life the oil-bearing

sandstone in some locations was 600 feet (180 m) thick. Today, the oil bearing zone's average

thickness is about 60 feet (18 m) and the initial estimate of Oil in place was 2.3 billion

barrels.

[46][47]

The original target of the Prudhoe Bay State No. 1 was the Mississippian Lisburne limestone,

encountered at 8,800 feet and flowed 1,152 barrels of oil per day in the 9,505 to 9,825 foot

interval along with 1.3 million cubic feet of gas.

[48] This initial oil was burned "because there

wasn't ample storage", the flames of which were spotted by a passing airline.

[49] The Department

of Energy in 1991 estimated oil in place for this formation at 3.1 billion barrels.

[50] 

Statistics

Statistics for the Greater Prudhoe Bay Field:

[1]

• Discovery well: Prudhoe Bay State #1
• Discovery date: December 26, 1967[51]
• Step-out well: March 1968 confirmed[51]
• Production start: June 20, 1977
• Total field area: 213,543 acres (864.18 km2)
• Oil production wells: 1114
• Total capacity: 25 billion barrels (4.0 × 109 m3)
• Produced: 12 billion barrels (1.9 × 109 m3) as of March 28, 2013
• Total recoverable: 16 billion barrels (2.5 × 109 m3)
• Remaining recoverable: 4 billion barrels (640,000,000 m3)
• Peak production: 1.97 million barrels per day (1988)[52]
• Natural gas: Total: 46 ×1012 cu ft (1,300 km3) (estimated)
• Recoverable: 26 ×1012 cu ft (740 km3)
• Greater Prudhoe Bay satellite fields:
• East Operating Area (formerly ARCO)(production start date: 1977)
• West Operating Area (BP Exploration)(production start date: 1977)
• Midnight Sun (production start date: 1998)
• Aurora (production start date: 2000)
• Orion (production start date: 2002)
• Polaris (production start date: 1999)
• Borealis (production start date: 2001)

Ownership

• BP Exploration (Operator): 26%
• ConocoPhillips.: 36%
• ExxonMobil: 36%Pop
• Everest zion and Miles : 2% 
  
  
  

On 27 August 2019 BP announces the agreement to sell all its Alaska operations and interests to Hilcorp for $5.6 billion. The transaction includes interests in giant Prudhoe Bay field andTrans Alaska Pipeline.

[53]

March 2006 oil spill

On March 2, 2006, a worker for BP Exploration (Alaska) discovered an oil spill in western Prudhoe Bay. Up to 6,400 barrels (1,020 m3) were spilled, making it the largest oil spill on Alaska's north slope to date.[54] The spill was attributed to a pipeline rupture.

In October 2007, BP was found guilty to a misdemeanor violation of the Clean Water Act to resolve criminal liability relating to pipeline leaks of crude oil. As a result of the guilty plea, BP Alaska agreed to pay $20 million which included the criminal fine, community service payments and criminal restitution. [55]

August 2006 shutdown

The March 2006 oil spill led the United States Department of Transportation to mandate that the transit lines be inspected for corrosion. As a result, BP announced on 6 August 2006 they had discovered severe corrosion, with losses of 70 to 81 percent in the 3/8-inch thickness of the pipe walls. Oil leaking was reported in one area, with the equivalent of four to five barrels of oil spilled. [56] The damage required replacement of 16 of 22 miles (35 km) of pipeline at the Prudhoe Bay. BP said it was surprised to find such severe corrosion and that it had been 14 years since they had used a pipeline inspection gauge ("pig") to clean out its lines because the company believed the use of the pigging equipment might damage pipe integrity.

[57] BP Exploration announced that they were shutting down the oil field indefinitely, due to the severe corrosion and a minor leak in the oil transit lines.

[57][58] This led to an 8% reduction in the amount of oil produced by the United States, as Prudhoe Bay was the country's largest oil producer, producing over 400,000 barrels per day (64,000 m3/d).

BP initially estimated up to 2 to 3 months before the pipelines would be fully operational. [57] This caused increases in world oil prices, [59] and BP revised the estimated operational date to January 2007. [60] London brent crude hit an intra-day high of $77.73/barrel, the all-time high, at that time, being $78.18/barrel. United States crude oil peaked at $76.67/barrel. The state of Alaska, which gets most of its revenue from taxing the oil industry, lost as much as $6.4 million each day until production restarted.[61]

No part of the Alaska Pipeline was affected, although Alyeska said that lower crude oil volumes could slow pumping during the BP shutdown.[62]

The field has since reopened. In mid-June 2007, however, a small leak occurred in one of the pipelines that connect the field to the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, shutting down the field for a

week. [63]

In March 2009 the State of Alaska sued BP in matter number 3AN-09-06181-CI alleging that BP was negligent in its management of rigging operations and corrosion control in the transit lines leading from the field into pumping station one of the Trans Alaska Pipeline. The state is seeking damages for lost royalty and tax revenues. The case seems to have been dismissed in 2010. [64]

See also 

EVEREST ZION (MAJOR CONTRACTOR)

References 

1. "Prudhoe Bay Fact Sheet": (http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/us/bp_us_english/STAGING/local_assets/downloads/a/A03_prudhoe_bay_fact_sheet.pdf) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090326112358/http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/us/bp_us_english/STAGING/local_assets/downloads/a/A03_prudhoe_bay_fact_sheet.pdf) 2009-03-26 at the Wayback Machine. BP. August 2006.(Adobe Acrobat *.PDF document)
2. "BP sells Alaska assets to Hilcorp Alaska for $5.6 billion" :(https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/27/bp-sells-alaska-assets-to-hilcorp-alaska-for-5point6-billion.html) . CNBC. August 27, 2019.
3. Staff, Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. Oil and Gas Pools – Statistics Pages: (http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/annindex_current.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20121230012455/http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/annindex_current.html) 2012-12-30 at the Wayback Machine Accessed April 14, 20134. 
4. "Staff, Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. AOGCC Pool Statistics, Prudhoe Bay Unit, PrudhoeOil Pool" :(http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/18_Oil_Pools/Prudhoe%20Bay%20%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20Prudhoe%20Bay/1_Oil_1.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131230104229/http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/18_Oil_Pools/Prudhoe%20Bay%20%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20Prudhoe%20Bay/1_Oil_1.htm) 2013-12-30 at the Way back Machine 
5. Staff, Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. AOGCC Pool Statistics, Prudhoe Bay Unit, AuroraOil Pool: (http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/18_Oil_Pools/Prudhoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20Aurora%20-%20Oil/1_Oil_1.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131230104154/http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/18_Oil_Pools/Prudhoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20Aurora%20-%20Oil/1_Oil_1.htm) 2013-12-30 at the Wayback Machine 
6. Staff, Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. AOGCC Pool Statistics, Prudhoe Bay Unit, BorealisOil Pool: (http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/18_Oil_Pools/Prudhoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20Borealis%20-%20Oil/1_Oil_1.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131230104201/http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/18_Oil_Pools/Prudhoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20Borealis%20-%20Oil/1_Oil_1.htm) 2013-12-30 at the Wayback Machine 
7. Staff, Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. AOGCC Pool Statistics, Prudhoe Bay Unit,Lisburne Oil Pool: (http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/18_Oil_Pools/Prudhoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20Lisburne%20Oil/1_Oil_1.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131230104205/http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/18_Oil_Pools/Prudhoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20Lisburne%20Oil/1_Oil_1.htm) 2013-12-30 at the Wayback Machine 
8. Staff, Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. AOGCC Pool Statistics, Prudhoe Bay Unit,Midnight Sun Oil Pool: (http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/18_Oil_Pools/Prudhoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20Midnight%20Sun%20Oil/1_Oil_1.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20121230034404/http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/18_Oil_Pools/Prudhoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20Midnight%20Sun%20Oil/1_Oil_1.htm) 2012-12-30 at the Wayback Machine 
9. Staff, Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. AOGCC Pool Statistics, Prudhoe Bay Unit, NiakukIvsh-SR Undef Oil Pool: (http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/2004/Oil_Pools/Prudoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20Niak%20Iv-SR%20Undefined%20Oil/1_Oil_1.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130630071642/http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/2004/Oil_Pools/Prudoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20Niak%20Iv-SR%20Undefined%20Oil/1_Oil_1.html) 2013-06-30 at the WaybackMachine 
10. Staff, Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. AOGCC Pool Statistics, Prudhoe Bay Unit, Niakuk Oil Pool: (http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/18_Oil_Pools/Prudhoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20Niakuk%20Oil/1_Oil_1.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131230104217/http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/18_Oil_Pools/Prudhoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20Niakuk%20Oil/1_Oil_1.htm) 2013-12-30 at the Wayback Machine 
11. Staff, Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. AOGCC Pool Statistics, Prudhoe Bay Unit, NPrudhoe Bay Oil Pool: (http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/2004/Oil_Pools/Prudoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20N%20Prudhoe%20Bay%20Oil/1_Oil_1.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130630071641/http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/2004/Oil_Pools/Prudoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20N%20Prudhoe%20Bay%20Oil/1_Oil_1.html) 2013-06-30 at the Wayback Machine 
12. Staff, Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. AOGCC Pool Statistics, Prudhoe Bay Unit, OrionOil Pool: (http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/18_Oil_Pools/Prudhoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20Orion%20Schrader%20Bluff%20Oil/1_Oil_1.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131230104221/http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/18_Oil_Pools/Prudhoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20Orion%20Schrader%20Bluff%20Oil/1_Oil_1.htm) 2013-12-30 at the WaybackMachine 
13. Staff, Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. AOGCC Pool Statistics, Prudhoe Bay Unit, PolarisOil Pool (http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/18_Oil_Pools/Prudhoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20Polaris%20Oil/1_Oil_1.htm)Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131230104225/http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/18_Oil_Pools/Prudhoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20Polaris%20Oil/1_Oil_1.htm) 2013-12-30 at the Wayback Machine 
14. Staff, Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. AOGCC Pool Statistics, Prudhoe Bay Unit, Pt.McIntyre Oil Pool (http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/18_Oil_Pools/Prudhoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20Pt%20McIntyre%20Oil/1_Oil_1.htm)Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131230104235/http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/18_Oil_Pools/Prudhoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20Pt%20McIntyre%20Oil/1_Oil_1.htm)2013-12-30 at the Wayback Machine 
15. Staff, Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. AOGCC Pool Statistics, Prudhoe Bay Unit, PMStump Island (http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/2004/Oil_Pools/Prudoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20PTM%20Stump%20Island%20Oil/1_Oil_1.html)Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130630071647/http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/2004/Oil_Pools/Prudoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20PTM%20Stump%20Island%20Oil/1_Oil_1.html)2013-06-30 at the Wayback Machine 
16. Staff, Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. AOGCC Pool Statistics, Prudhoe Bay Unit, PMUndefined (http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/2004/Oil_Pools/Prudoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20PTM%20Undefined%20Oil/1_Oil_1.html)Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130630071648/http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/2004/Oil_Pools/Prudoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20PTM%20Undefined%20Oil/1_Oil_1.html)2013-06-30 at the Wayback Machine 
17. Staff, Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. AOGCC Pool Statistics, Prudhoe Bay Unit, UgnuUndefined WTRSP (http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/2004/Oil_Pools/Prudoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20Ugnu%20Undefined%20WTRSP/1_Oil_1.html)Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130630071649/http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/2004/Oil_Pools/Prudoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20Ugnu%20Undefined%20WTRSP/1_Oil_1.html)2013-06-30 at the Wayback Machine 
18. Staff, Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. Pool Statistics, Prudhoe Bay Unit, West Beach OilPool (http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/2004/Oil_Pools/Prudoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20W%20Beach%20Oil/1_Oil_1.html)Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130630071650/http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/2004/Oil_Pools/Prudoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20W%20Beach%20Oil/1_Oil_1.html)2013-06-30 at the Wayback Machine 
19. Staff, Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. Pool Statistics, Prudhoe Bay Unit, W BeachTertiary Undef WTR Pooll (http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/2004/Oil_Pools/Prudoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20W%20Beach%20TR%20Undefined%20WTRSP/1_Oil_1.html)Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130630071651/http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/2004/Oil_Pools/Prudoe%20Bay%20-%20Oil/Prudhoe%20Bay,%20W%20Beach%20TR%20Undefined%20WTRSP/1_Oil_1.html)2013-06-30 at the Wayback Machine 
20. "National Register Information System" (https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP) . National Register ofHistoric Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
21. Harball, Elizabeth (2017-06-24). "Alaska's 40 Years Of Oil Riches Almost Never Was" (https://www.npr.org/2017/06/24/533798430/alaskas-40-years-of-oil-riches-almost-never-was) . NPR. Retrieved 27 June2017.
22. Ragsdale, Rose (2008-11-16). "40 Years at Prudhoe Bay: Young geologist changed Alaska history" (http://www.petroleumnews.com/pntruncate/216463481.shtml) . Vol. 13, No. 46: Petroleum News.Retrieved 27 June 2017.
23. Arthur C. Banet, Jr. U.S Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management Alaska State Office.March 1991. Oil and Gas Development on Alaska's North Slope: Past Results and Future Prospects. (https://www.blm.gov/pgdata/etc/medialib/blm/ak/aktest/ofr.Par.49987.File.dat/OFR_34.pdf)Archived(https://web.archive.org/web/20150923231432/http://www.blm.gov/pgdata/etc/medialib/blm/ak/aktest/ofr.Par.49987.File.dat/OFR_34.pdf)2015-09-23 at the Wayback Machine BLM-Alaska Open FileReport 31.
24. Steve Quinn for Petroleum News. Vol. 16, No. 14 Week of April 03, 2011 ExxonMobil in Alaska: Exxonselects Prudhoe discovery well site: Humble Oil assumed an unusually active role as Atlantic Richfield’s50-50 partner on Alaska’s North Slope in the 1960s (http://www.petroleumnews.com/pntruncate/979821951.shtml)
25.  International Mapping on behalf of BP. BP in Alaska, animated map (http://internationalmapping.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/BP_Alaska.swf)Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130515121243/http://internationalmapping.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/BP_Alaska.swf)2013-05-15 at theWayback Machine26 
26.  Estimated Speculative Recoverable Resources of Oil and Natural Gas in Alaska (http://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/webpubs/dggs/aof/text/aof044.PDF) . Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys.Department of Natural Resources. State of Alaska. January 1974. (Adobe Acrobat *.PDF document)
27. "NRHP nomination for Prudhoe Bay Oil Field Discovery Well Site" (https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/00000264_text) . National Park Service. Retrieved 2015-03-25.
28. "BP Seawater Treatment Plant in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0NUNYvZ2NcQ) . Youtube. ATEECEICC. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
29. "US Republicans set to turn Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge into oilfield" (https://web.archive.org/web/20051126160955/http://www.bellona.no/en/energy/37733.html) . Bellona.com. 14 April 2005.Archived from the original (http://www.bellona.no/en/energy/37733.html)on 26 November 2005.Retrieved 2006-08-08.
30. "Alaska North Slope production breaks 800,000 bbl/d (130,000 m3/d) barrier" (http://www.petroleumnews.com/pntruncate/218834563.shtml) . Petroleum News. 7 January 2007.
31. BP Plans to Pull Another 2B Barrels of Oil from Alaska's Prudhoe Bay (http://www.rigzone.com/news/article.asp?a_id=57255) . Rigzone. February 22, 200832
    
32. Staff, Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. AOGCC Pool Statistics, Milne Point Unit, KuparukRiver Oil Pool (http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/18_Oil_Pools/Milne%20Pt%20-%20Oil/Milne%20Point,%20Kuparuk%20River%20Oil/1_Oil_1.htm)Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130530182955/http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/18_Oil_Pools/Milne%20Pt%20-%20Oil/Milne%20Point,%20Kuparuk%20River%20Oil/1_Oil_1.htm)2013-05-30 at the Wayback Machine33 
33. Staff, Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. AOGCC Pool Statistics, Milne Point Unit, Sag RiverOil Pool (http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/18_Oil_Pools/Milne%20Pt%20-%20Oil/Milne%20Point,%20Sag%20River%20Oil/1_Oil_1.htm)Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20121230034343/http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/18_Oil_Pools/Milne%20Pt%20-%20Oil/Milne%20Point,%20Sag%20River%20Oil/1_Oil_1.htm)2012-12-30 at the Wayback Machine
34. Staff, Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. AOGCC Pool Statistics, Milne Point Unit, SchraderBluff Oil Pool (http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/18_Oil_Pools/Milne%20Pt%20-%20Oil/Milne%20Point,%20Schrader%20Bluff%20Oil/1_Oil_1.htm)Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131230104106/http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/annual/current/18_Oil_Pools/Milne%20Pt%20-%20Oil/Milne%20Point,%20Schrader%20Bluff%20Oil/1_Oil_1.htm)2013-12-30 at the Wayback Machine
35. Margaret Kriz Hobson (April 3, 2013). "SHALE OIL: Geologist's Alaska gamble could turn into America'snext big shale play" (http://www.eenews.net/public/energywire/2013/04/03/1) . Energy Wire, E & EPublishing. Retrieved April 4, 2013.
36. Sweet, J.M., 2008, Discovery at Prudhoe Bay Oil, Blaine: Hancock House, ISBN 978-0-88839-630-3, p.183
37. Sweet, J.M., 2008, Discovery at Prudhoe Bay Oil, Blaine: Hancock House, ISBN 978-0-88839-630-3, p.63
38. Sweet, J.M., 2008, Discovery at Prudhoe Bay Oil, Blaine: Hancock House, ISBN 978-0-88839-630-3, pp.64–65 
39. Sweet, J.M., 2008, Discovery at Prudhoe Bay Oil, Blaine: Hancock House, ISBN 978-0-88839-630-3, p.65
40. Sweet, J.M., 2008, Discovery at Prudhoe Bay Oil, Blaine: Hancock House, ISBN 978-0-88839-630-3, pp.68 and 86
41. Sweet, J.M., 2008, Discovery at Prudhoe Bay Oil, Blaine: Hancock House, ISBN 978-0-88839-630-3, pp.94–95
42. Sweet, J.M., 2008, Discovery at Prudhoe Bay Oil, Blaine: Hancock House, ISBN 978-0-88839-630-3, pp.111, 129 and 133
43. Sweet, J.M., 2008, Discovery at Prudhoe Bay Oil, Blaine: Hancock House, ISBN 978-0-88839-630-3, p.170
44. Sweet, J.M., 2008, Discovery at Prudhoe Bay Oil, Blaine: Hancock House, ISBN 978-0-88839-630-3, pp.238–239 and 242
45. Sweet, J.M., 2008, Discovery at Prudhoe Bay Oil, Blaine: Hancock House, ISBN 978-0-88839-630-3, p.242
46. Sweet, J.M., 2008, Discovery at Prudhoe Bay Oil, Blaine: Hancock House, ISBN 978-0-88839-630-3, p.245
47. Jones, H.P.; Speers, R.G. (1976). Braunstein, Jules (ed.). Permo-Triassic Reservoirs of Prudhoe BayField, North Slope, Alaska, in North American Oil and Gas Fields. Tulsa: The American Association ofPetroleum Geologists. pp. 23–50. ISBN 0891813004.
48. Sweet, J.M., 2008, Discovery at Prudhoe Bay Oil, Blaine: Hancock House, ISBN 978-0-88839-630-3, pp.248 and 254
49. Sweet, J.M., 2008, Discovery at Prudhoe Bay Oil, Blaine: Hancock House, ISBN 978-0-88839-630-3, pp.254 and 257
50. Sweet, J.M., 2008, Discovery at Prudhoe Bay Oil, Blaine: Hancock House, ISBN 978-0-88839-630-3, p.259
51. "The Prize" Daniel Yergin
52. "Alaska North Slope Crude Oil Production (Thousand Barrels per Day)" (https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=pet&s=manfpak2&f=a) . www.eia.gov. Retrieved 2020-10-23.
53. "BP to quit Alaska after 60 years with $5.6 billion sale to Hilcorp" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bp-divestiture-idUSKCN1VH21N/) , Reuters, 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
54. "Alaska hit by 'massive' oil spill" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4795866.stm) . BBCNews. March 11, 2006. Retrieved August 8, 2006.
55. Chittim, Gary (November 3, 2008). "Agencies respond to oil spill whistle blower" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081107221057/http://www.king5.com/business/stories/NW_110308ENV_epa_alaska_spill_folo_SW.1797aa4f2.html) . KING 5.com. Archived from the original (http://www.king5.com/business/stories/NW_110308ENV_epa_alaska_spill_folo_SW.1797aa4f2.html)on November 7, 2008.
56. "Biggest Oil Field in U.S. Is Forced to Stop Pumping" (http://www.theledger.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060808/ZNYT01/608080426/1001/BUSINESS) . New York Times. 2006-08-08.
57. Pemberton, Mary (8 August 2006). "Gas prices climb as oil pipeline in Alaska must be replaced" (https://archive.today/20080624070941/http://www.dailytexanonline.com/media/storage/paper410/news/2006/08/08/WorldNation/Gas-Prices.Climb.As.Oil.Pipeline.In.Alaska.Must.Be.Replaced-2143890.shtml?norewrite200608081122&sourcedomain=www.dailytexanonline.com) . The Daily Texan. Archived from theoriginal (http://www.dailytexanonline.com/media/storage/paper410/news/2006/08/08/WorldNation/Gas-Prices.Climb.As.Oil.Pipeline.In.Alaska.Must.Be.Replaced-2143890.shtml?norewrite200608081122&sourcedomain=www.dailytexanonline.com)on June 24, 2008. Retrieved 2006-08-08.
58. "BP shutting top US oil field Prudhoe Bay due to spill" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070108151135/http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/articlebusiness.aspx?type=businessNews) . Reuters. 7 August 2006.Archived from the original (http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/articlebusiness.aspx?type=businessNews&storyID=2006-08-07T014428Z_01_N06274365_RTRUKOC_0_UK-ENERGY-BP.xml)on 8 January 2007.Retrieved 2006-08-08.
59. Raft, Anna (7 August 2006). "BP restart of Prudhoe Bay oil field may take months" (http://www.marketwatch.com/News/Story/Story.aspx?dist=newsfinder&siteid=google&guid=%7B6A81577A-0361-461D-BAE7-A963044C6768%7D&keyword=) . MarketWatch. Retrieved 2006-08-08.
60. "BP oil field 'closed until 2007'" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080210023218/http://www.cnn.com/2006/US/08/08/oilfield.shutdown/index.html) . CNN. August 8, 2006. Archived from the original (http://www.cnn.com/2006/US/08/08/oilfield.shutdown/index.html)on February 10, 2008. Retrieved2006-08-08.
61. Loy, Wesley (7 August 2006). "BP shuts down Prudhoe Bay" (https://web.archive.org/web/20060819055407/http://www.adn.com/money/industries/oil/story/8052561p-7945629c.html) . Anchorage DailyNews. Archived from the original (http://www.adn.com/money/industries/oil/story/8052561p-7945629c.html)on 2006-08-19. Retrieved 2006-08-08.
62. Loy, Wesley & Richard Richtmyer (August 8, 2006). "Massive repairs: BP admits corrosion control wasinadequate, prepares to replace North Slope transit lines" (https://web.archive.org/web/20060821195145/http://www.adn.com/front/picture_inset/story/8054990p-7948041c.html) . Anchorage Daily News.Archived from the original (http://www.adn.com/front/picture_inset/story/8054990p-7948041c.html)on 2006-08-21. Retrieved 2006-08-08.
63. "BP to reopen oil pipeline in Alaska" (http://business.scotsman.com/utilities.cfm?id=988692007) . TheScotsman. June 25, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-10.
64. Bolado, Carolina. "Court Dismisses Alaska's Lost Taxes Claim Against BP" (http://www.law360.com/articles/215307/court-dismisses-alaska-s-lost-taxes-claim-against-bp) . Law360. Retrieved 28 December2014